{"componentChunkName":"component---src-templates-blog-post-js","path":"/etc/gRPC-완전정복-고성능-마이크로서비스-통신의-새로운-패러다임/","result":{"data":{"site":{"siteMetadata":{"title":"Bottlehs Tech Blog","description":"웹·앱·AI 개발자 전병훈(bottlehs)의 기술 블로그. AI·LLM, JavaScript·Vue, Spring Boot, 알고리즘, 블록체인 실무 가이드를 다룹니다","siteUrl":"https://www.bottlehs.dev","author":{"name":"Jeon Byung Hun","summary":"개발을 즐기는 bottlehs - Engineer, MS, AI, FE, BE, OS, IOT, Blockchain, 설계, 테스트"},"social":{"github":"bottlehs","codepen":"bottlehs"}}},"markdownRemark":{"id":"0897e1a6-d413-57a9-9d23-8d304e6541e3","excerpt":"gRPC 완전정복 - 고성능 마이크로서비스 통신의 새로운 패러다임 gRPC는 Google이 개발한 고성능 오픈소스 RPC(Remote Procedure Call) 프레임워크다. HTTP/2 기반의 바이너리 프로토콜을 사용하며, Protocol Buffers…","html":"

gRPC 완전정복 - 고성능 마이크로서비스 통신의 새로운 패러다임

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gRPC는 Google이 개발한 고성능 오픈소스 RPC(Remote Procedure Call) 프레임워크다. HTTP/2 기반의 바이너리 프로토콜을 사용하며, Protocol Buffers를 통해 효율적인 직렬화를 제공한다. 이 글은 gRPC를 활용한 마이크로서비스 통신의 모든 것을 다룬다.

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1. gRPC 개요와 시작하기

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1-1. gRPC의 특징

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1-2. REST API vs gRPC

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
구분REST APIgRPC
프로토콜HTTP/1.1HTTP/2
데이터 형식JSON (텍스트)Protocol Buffers (바이너리)
성능상대적으로 느림매우 빠름
스트리밍제한적 (SSE, WebSocket)네이티브 지원
브라우저 지원완벽제한적 (gRPC-Web 필요)
코드 생성수동자동
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1-3. Protocol Buffers 기본

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// user.proto\nsyntax = \"proto3\";\n\npackage user;\n\noption java_package = \"com.example.user\";\noption java_outer_classname = \"UserProto\";\n\n// 사용자 메시지 정의\nmessage User {\n  int64 id = 1;\n  string name = 2;\n  string email = 3;\n  int32 age = 4;\n  repeated string tags = 5; // 배열\n  map<string, string> metadata = 6; // 맵\n  UserRole role = 7; // 열거형\n}\n\n// 열거형\nenum UserRole {\n  UNKNOWN = 0;\n  USER = 1;\n  ADMIN = 2;\n  GUEST = 3;\n}\n\n// 요청/응답 메시지\nmessage GetUserRequest {\n  int64 user_id = 1;\n}\n\nmessage GetUserResponse {\n  User user = 1;\n}\n\nmessage CreateUserRequest {\n  string name = 1;\n  string email = 2;\n  int32 age = 3;\n}\n\nmessage CreateUserResponse {\n  User user = 1;\n}\n\n// 서비스 정의\nservice UserService {\n  // 단순 RPC\n  rpc GetUser(GetUserRequest) returns (GetUserResponse);\n  \n  // 서버 스트리밍\n  rpc ListUsers(ListUsersRequest) returns (stream User);\n  \n  // 클라이언트 스트리밍\n  rpc CreateUsers(stream CreateUserRequest) returns (CreateUsersResponse);\n  \n  // 양방향 스트리밍\n  rpc ChatUsers(stream ChatMessage) returns (stream ChatMessage);\n}
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2. Spring Boot에서 gRPC 구현

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2-1. 의존성 설정

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<!-- pom.xml -->\n<dependencies>\n    <dependency>\n        <groupId>net.devh</groupId>\n        <artifactId>grpc-server-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>\n        <version>2.15.0.RELEASE</version>\n    </dependency>\n    <dependency>\n        <groupId>net.devh</groupId>\n        <artifactId>grpc-client-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>\n        <version>2.15.0.RELEASE</version>\n    </dependency>\n    <dependency>\n        <groupId>io.grpc</groupId>\n        <artifactId>grpc-protobuf</artifactId>\n        <version>1.58.0</version>\n    </dependency>\n    <dependency>\n        <groupId>io.grpc</groupId>\n        <artifactId>grpc-stub</artifactId>\n        <version>1.58.0</version>\n    </dependency>\n</dependencies>\n\n<build>\n    <extensions>\n        <extension>\n            <groupId>kr.motd.maven</groupId>\n            <artifactId>os-maven-plugin</artifactId>\n            <version>1.7.1</version>\n        </extension>\n    </extensions>\n    <plugins>\n        <plugin>\n            <groupId>org.xolstice.maven.plugins</groupId>\n            <artifactId>protobuf-maven-plugin</artifactId>\n            <version>0.6.1</version>\n            <configuration>\n                <protocArtifact>com.google.protobuf:protoc:3.24.0:exe:${os.detected.classifier}</protocArtifact>\n                <pluginId>grpc-java</pluginId>\n                <pluginArtifact>io.grpc:protoc-gen-grpc-java:1.58.0:exe:${os.detected.classifier}</pluginArtifact>\n            </configuration>\n            <executions>\n                <execution>\n                    <goals>\n                        <goal>compile</goal>\n                        <goal>compile-custom</goal>\n                    </goals>\n                </execution>\n            </executions>\n        </plugin>\n    </plugins>\n</build>
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# application.yml\ngrpc:\n  server:\n    port: 9090\n  client:\n    user-service:\n      address: 'static://localhost:9090'\n      negotiationType: plaintext
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2-2. gRPC 서버 구현

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// UserServiceImpl.java\n@GrpcService\npublic class UserServiceImpl extends UserServiceGrpc.UserServiceImplBase {\n    \n    @Autowired\n    private UserRepository userRepository;\n    \n    @Override\n    public void getUser(GetUserRequest request, \n                       StreamObserver<GetUserResponse> responseObserver) {\n        try {\n            Long userId = request.getUserId();\n            UserEntity userEntity = userRepository.findById(userId)\n                .orElseThrow(() -> Status.NOT_FOUND\n                    .withDescription(\"User not found\")\n                    .asRuntimeException());\n            \n            User user = User.newBuilder()\n                .setId(userEntity.getId())\n                .setName(userEntity.getName())\n                .setEmail(userEntity.getEmail())\n                .setAge(userEntity.getAge())\n                .setRole(UserRole.valueOf(userEntity.getRole().name()))\n                .build();\n            \n            GetUserResponse response = GetUserResponse.newBuilder()\n                .setUser(user)\n                .build();\n            \n            responseObserver.onNext(response);\n            responseObserver.onCompleted();\n            \n        } catch (Exception e) {\n            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL\n                .withDescription(e.getMessage())\n                .asRuntimeException());\n        }\n    }\n    \n    @Override\n    public void createUser(CreateUserRequest request,\n                          StreamObserver<CreateUserResponse> responseObserver) {\n        try {\n            UserEntity userEntity = new UserEntity();\n            userEntity.setName(request.getName());\n            userEntity.setEmail(request.getEmail());\n            userEntity.setAge(request.getAge());\n            userEntity = userRepository.save(userEntity);\n            \n            User user = convertToProto(userEntity);\n            \n            CreateUserResponse response = CreateUserResponse.newBuilder()\n                .setUser(user)\n                .build();\n            \n            responseObserver.onNext(response);\n            responseObserver.onCompleted();\n            \n        } catch (Exception e) {\n            responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL\n                .withDescription(e.getMessage())\n                .asRuntimeException());\n        }\n    }\n}
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2-3. gRPC 클라이언트 구현

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// UserServiceClient.java\n@Service\npublic class UserServiceClient {\n    \n    @GrpcClient(\"user-service\")\n    private UserServiceGrpc.UserServiceBlockingStub blockingStub;\n    \n    @GrpcClient(\"user-service\")\n    private UserServiceGrpc.UserServiceStub asyncStub;\n    \n    public User getUser(Long userId) {\n        GetUserRequest request = GetUserRequest.newBuilder()\n            .setUserId(userId)\n            .build();\n        \n        GetUserResponse response = blockingStub.getUser(request);\n        return response.getUser();\n    }\n    \n    public CompletableFuture<User> getUserAsync(Long userId) {\n        GetUserRequest request = GetUserRequest.newBuilder()\n            .setUserId(userId)\n            .build();\n        \n        CompletableFuture<User> future = new CompletableFuture<>();\n        \n        asyncStub.getUser(request, new StreamObserver<GetUserResponse>() {\n            @Override\n            public void onNext(GetUserResponse response) {\n                future.complete(response.getUser());\n            }\n            \n            @Override\n            public void onError(Throwable t) {\n                future.completeExceptionally(t);\n            }\n            \n            @Override\n            public void onCompleted() {\n                // 이미 onNext에서 완료 처리\n            }\n        });\n        \n        return future;\n    }\n}
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3. 스트리밍

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3-1. 서버 스트리밍

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// .proto\nservice UserService {\n  rpc ListUsers(ListUsersRequest) returns (stream User);\n}\n\nmessage ListUsersRequest {\n  int32 page = 1;\n  int32 page_size = 2;\n}
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// 서버 구현\n@Override\npublic void listUsers(ListUsersRequest request,\n                     StreamObserver<User> responseObserver) {\n    try {\n        int page = request.getPage();\n        int pageSize = request.getPageSize();\n        \n        Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(page, pageSize);\n        Page<UserEntity> users = userRepository.findAll(pageable);\n        \n        for (UserEntity userEntity : users.getContent()) {\n            User user = convertToProto(userEntity);\n            responseObserver.onNext(user);\n        }\n        \n        responseObserver.onCompleted();\n        \n    } catch (Exception e) {\n        responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL\n            .withDescription(e.getMessage())\n            .asRuntimeException());\n    }\n}\n\n// 클라이언트 구현\npublic List<User> listUsers(int page, int pageSize) {\n    ListUsersRequest request = ListUsersRequest.newBuilder()\n        .setPage(page)\n        .setPageSize(pageSize)\n        .build();\n    \n    List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();\n    \n    blockingStub.listUsers(request).forEachRemaining(response -> {\n        users.add(response);\n    });\n    \n    return users;\n}
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3-2. 클라이언트 스트리밍

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// .proto\nservice UserService {\n  rpc CreateUsers(stream CreateUserRequest) returns (CreateUsersResponse);\n}\n\nmessage CreateUsersResponse {\n  int32 created_count = 1;\n  repeated User users = 2;\n}
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// 서버 구현\n@Override\npublic StreamObserver<CreateUserRequest> createUsers(\n    StreamObserver<CreateUsersResponse> responseObserver) {\n    \n    return new StreamObserver<CreateUserRequest>() {\n        private List<User> createdUsers = new ArrayList<>();\n        \n        @Override\n        public void onNext(CreateUserRequest request) {\n            UserEntity userEntity = new UserEntity();\n            userEntity.setName(request.getName());\n            userEntity.setEmail(request.getEmail());\n            userEntity.setAge(request.getAge());\n            userEntity = userRepository.save(userEntity);\n            \n            User user = convertToProto(userEntity);\n            createdUsers.add(user);\n        }\n        \n        @Override\n        public void onError(Throwable t) {\n            responseObserver.onError(t);\n        }\n        \n        @Override\n        public void onCompleted() {\n            CreateUsersResponse response = CreateUsersResponse.newBuilder()\n                .setCreatedCount(createdUsers.size())\n                .addAllUsers(createdUsers)\n                .build();\n            \n            responseObserver.onNext(response);\n            responseObserver.onCompleted();\n        }\n    };\n}\n\n// 클라이언트 구현\npublic CreateUsersResponse createUsers(List<CreateUserRequest> requests) {\n    StreamObserver<CreateUserRequest> requestObserver = \n        asyncStub.createUsers(new StreamObserver<CreateUsersResponse>() {\n            @Override\n            public void onNext(CreateUsersResponse response) {\n                // 응답 처리\n            }\n            \n            @Override\n            public void onError(Throwable t) {\n                // 에러 처리\n            }\n            \n            @Override\n            public void onCompleted() {\n                // 완료 처리\n            }\n        });\n    \n    for (CreateUserRequest request : requests) {\n        requestObserver.onNext(request);\n    }\n    \n    requestObserver.onCompleted();\n    \n    // 실제로는 CompletableFuture 등을 사용하여 응답을 기다림\n    return null; // 예시\n}
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3-3. 양방향 스트리밍

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// .proto\nservice ChatService {\n  rpc Chat(stream ChatMessage) returns (stream ChatMessage);\n}\n\nmessage ChatMessage {\n  string user_id = 1;\n  string message = 2;\n  int64 timestamp = 3;\n}
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// 서버 구현\n@Override\npublic StreamObserver<ChatMessage> chat(\n    StreamObserver<ChatMessage> responseObserver) {\n    \n    return new StreamObserver<ChatMessage>() {\n        @Override\n        public void onNext(ChatMessage message) {\n            // 메시지 수신 처리\n            String userId = message.getUserId();\n            String text = message.getMessage();\n            \n            // 응답 메시지 생성\n            ChatMessage response = ChatMessage.newBuilder()\n                .setUserId(\"server\")\n                .setMessage(\"Echo: \" + text)\n                .setTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis())\n                .build();\n            \n            responseObserver.onNext(response);\n        }\n        \n        @Override\n        public void onError(Throwable t) {\n            responseObserver.onError(t);\n        }\n        \n        @Override\n        public void onCompleted() {\n            responseObserver.onCompleted();\n        }\n    };\n}
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4. 인터셉터와 미들웨어

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4-1. 서버 인터셉터

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// LoggingServerInterceptor.java\n@GrpcGlobalServerInterceptor\npublic class LoggingServerInterceptor implements ServerInterceptor {\n    \n    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(\n        LoggingServerInterceptor.class);\n    \n    @Override\n    public <ReqT, RespT> ServerCall.Listener<ReqT> interceptCall(\n        ServerCall<ReqT, RespT> call,\n        Metadata headers,\n        ServerCallHandler<ReqT, RespT> next) {\n        \n        String methodName = call.getMethodDescriptor().getFullMethodName();\n        logger.info(\"gRPC call: {}\", methodName);\n        \n        return next.startCall(new ForwardingServerCall.SimpleForwardingServerCall<ReqT, RespT>(call) {\n            @Override\n            public void sendMessage(RespT message) {\n                logger.info(\"Response sent for method: {}\", methodName);\n                super.sendMessage(message);\n            }\n        }, headers);\n    }\n}
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4-2. 인증 인터셉터

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// AuthenticationServerInterceptor.java\n@GrpcGlobalServerInterceptor\npublic class AuthenticationServerInterceptor implements ServerInterceptor {\n    \n    @Override\n    public <ReqT, RespT> ServerCall.Listener<ReqT> interceptCall(\n        ServerCall<ReqT, RespT> call,\n        Metadata headers,\n        ServerCallHandler<ReqT, RespT> next) {\n        \n        String token = headers.get(Metadata.Key.of(\"authorization\", \n            Metadata.ASCII_STRING_MARSHALLER));\n        \n        if (token == null || !isValidToken(token)) {\n            call.close(Status.UNAUTHENTICATED\n                .withDescription(\"Invalid or missing token\"),\n                new Metadata());\n            return new ServerCall.Listener<ReqT>() {};\n        }\n        \n        // 토큰에서 사용자 정보 추출\n        String userId = extractUserId(token);\n        Context context = Context.current()\n            .withValue(USER_ID_KEY, userId);\n        \n        return Contexts.interceptCall(context, call, headers, next);\n    }\n    \n    private boolean isValidToken(String token) {\n        // 토큰 검증 로직\n        return true;\n    }\n    \n    private String extractUserId(String token) {\n        // 토큰에서 사용자 ID 추출\n        return \"user123\";\n    }\n    \n    private static final Context.Key<String> USER_ID_KEY = \n        Context.key(\"userId\");\n}
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4-3. 클라이언트 인터셉터

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// LoggingClientInterceptor.java\n@GrpcGlobalClientInterceptor\npublic class LoggingClientInterceptor implements ClientInterceptor {\n    \n    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(\n        LoggingClientInterceptor.class);\n    \n    @Override\n    public <ReqT, RespT> ClientCall<ReqT, RespT> interceptCall(\n        MethodDescriptor<ReqT, RespT> method,\n        CallOptions callOptions,\n        Channel next) {\n        \n        return new ForwardingClientCall.SimpleForwardingClientCall<ReqT, RespT>(\n            next.newCall(method, callOptions)) {\n            \n            @Override\n            public void sendMessage(ReqT message) {\n                logger.info(\"Request sent to method: {}\", \n                    method.getFullMethodName());\n                super.sendMessage(message);\n            }\n            \n            @Override\n            public void start(Listener<RespT> responseListener, Metadata headers) {\n                super.start(new ForwardingClientCallListener.SimpleForwardingClientCallListener<RespT>(\n                    responseListener) {\n                    @Override\n                    public void onMessage(RespT message) {\n                        logger.info(\"Response received from method: {}\", \n                            method.getFullMethodName());\n                        super.onMessage(message);\n                    }\n                }, headers);\n            }\n        };\n    }\n}
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5. 에러 처리

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5-1. 상태 코드와 에러 처리

\n
// 에러 처리 예시\n@Override\npublic void getUser(GetUserRequest request,\n                   StreamObserver<GetUserResponse> responseObserver) {\n    try {\n        Long userId = request.getUserId();\n        \n        if (userId <= 0) {\n            responseObserver.onError(Status.INVALID_ARGUMENT\n                .withDescription(\"User ID must be positive\")\n                .asRuntimeException());\n            return;\n        }\n        \n        UserEntity userEntity = userRepository.findById(userId)\n            .orElseThrow(() -> Status.NOT_FOUND\n                .withDescription(\"User not found: \" + userId)\n                .asRuntimeException());\n        \n        // 성공 처리\n        User user = convertToProto(userEntity);\n        GetUserResponse response = GetUserResponse.newBuilder()\n            .setUser(user)\n            .build();\n        \n        responseObserver.onNext(response);\n        responseObserver.onCompleted();\n        \n    } catch (StatusRuntimeException e) {\n        responseObserver.onError(e);\n    } catch (Exception e) {\n        responseObserver.onError(Status.INTERNAL\n            .withDescription(\"Internal server error: \" + e.getMessage())\n            .withCause(e)\n            .asRuntimeException());\n    }\n}
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5-2. 커스텀 에러 처리

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// error_details.proto\nimport \"google/rpc/error_details.proto\";\n\nmessage ErrorDetail {\n  string field = 1;\n  string message = 2;\n}
\n
// 커스텀 에러 처리\npublic void handleValidationError(StreamObserver<?> responseObserver,\n                                 List<ValidationError> errors) {\n    Status status = Status.INVALID_ARGUMENT\n        .withDescription(\"Validation failed\");\n    \n    com.google.rpc.Status.Builder statusBuilder = com.google.rpc.Status.newBuilder()\n        .setCode(Code.INVALID_ARGUMENT.getNumber())\n        .setMessage(\"Validation failed\");\n    \n    for (ValidationError error : errors) {\n        BadRequest.FieldViolation fieldViolation = \n            BadRequest.FieldViolation.newBuilder()\n                .setField(error.getField())\n                .setDescription(error.getMessage())\n                .build();\n        \n        BadRequest badRequest = BadRequest.newBuilder()\n            .addFieldViolations(fieldViolation)\n            .build();\n        \n        statusBuilder.addDetails(Any.pack(badRequest));\n    }\n    \n    Metadata metadata = new Metadata();\n    metadata.put(StatusProto.CODE_KEY, statusBuilder.build());\n    \n    responseObserver.onError(status.asRuntimeException(metadata));\n}
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6. 성능 최적화

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6-1. 연결 풀링

\n
# application.yml\ngrpc:\n  client:\n    user-service:\n      address: 'static://localhost:9090'\n      negotiationType: plaintext\n      enableKeepAlive: true\n      keepAliveWithoutCalls: true\n      keepAliveTime: 30s\n      keepAliveTimeout: 5s\n      maxInboundMessageSize: 4194304  # 4MB\n      maxInboundMetadataSize: 8192     # 8KB
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6-2. 압축

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// 서버에서 압축 활성화\n@GrpcService\npublic class UserServiceImpl extends UserServiceGrpc.UserServiceImplBase {\n    \n    @Override\n    public void getUser(GetUserRequest request,\n                       StreamObserver<GetUserResponse> responseObserver) {\n        // gzip 압축 사용\n        call.setCompression(\"gzip\");\n        \n        // 응답 처리\n    }\n}\n\n// 클라이언트에서 압축 요청\nCallOptions callOptions = CallOptions.DEFAULT\n    .withCompression(\"gzip\");\n\nUserServiceGrpc.UserServiceBlockingStub stub = \n    UserServiceGrpc.newBlockingStub(channel)\n        .withCallOptions(callOptions);
\n

6-3. 타임아웃 설정

\n
// 타임아웃 설정\nCallOptions callOptions = CallOptions.DEFAULT\n    .withDeadlineAfter(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);\n\nUserServiceGrpc.UserServiceBlockingStub stub = \n    UserServiceGrpc.newBlockingStub(channel)\n        .withCallOptions(callOptions);\n\ntry {\n    GetUserResponse response = stub.getUser(request);\n} catch (StatusRuntimeException e) {\n    if (e.getStatus().getCode() == Status.Code.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED) {\n        // 타임아웃 처리\n    }\n}
\n

7. gRPC-Web (브라우저 지원)

\n

7-1. gRPC-Web 설정

\n
<!-- pom.xml -->\n<dependency>\n    <groupId>io.grpc</groupId>\n    <artifactId>grpc-web</artifactId>\n    <version>1.4.2</version>\n</dependency>
\n
// gRPC-Web 서버 설정\n@Configuration\npublic class GrpcWebConfig {\n    \n    @Bean\n    public ServletRegistrationBean<GrpcWebServlet> grpcWebServlet() {\n        GrpcWebServlet servlet = new GrpcWebServlet(\n            Arrays.asList(new UserServiceImpl()));\n        \n        ServletRegistrationBean<GrpcWebServlet> registration = \n            new ServletRegistrationBean<>(servlet, \"/grpc/*\");\n        registration.setName(\"GrpcWebServlet\");\n        return registration;\n    }\n}
\n

7-2. JavaScript 클라이언트

\n
// gRPC-Web 클라이언트\nconst { UserServiceClient } = require('./user_grpc_web_pb');\nconst { GetUserRequest } = require('./user_pb');\n\nconst client = new UserServiceClient('http://localhost:8080', null, null);\n\nconst request = new GetUserRequest();\nrequest.setUserId(123);\n\nclient.getUser(request, {}, (err, response) => {\n  if (err) {\n    console.error('Error:', err);\n    return;\n  }\n  console.log('User:', response.getUser().toObject());\n});
\n

8. 모니터링과 로깅

\n

8-1. 메트릭 수집

\n
// Prometheus 메트릭 수집\n@GrpcGlobalServerInterceptor\npublic class MetricsServerInterceptor implements ServerInterceptor {\n    \n    private final Counter requestCounter;\n    private final Timer requestTimer;\n    \n    public MetricsServerInterceptor(MeterRegistry meterRegistry) {\n        this.requestCounter = Counter.builder(\"grpc.server.requests\")\n            .description(\"gRPC server requests\")\n            .register(meterRegistry);\n        \n        this.requestTimer = Timer.builder(\"grpc.server.duration\")\n            .description(\"gRPC server request duration\")\n            .register(meterRegistry);\n    }\n    \n    @Override\n    public <ReqT, RespT> ServerCall.Listener<ReqT> interceptCall(\n        ServerCall<ReqT, RespT> call,\n        Metadata headers,\n        ServerCallHandler<ReqT, RespT> next) {\n        \n        String methodName = call.getMethodDescriptor().getFullMethodName();\n        Timer.Sample sample = Timer.start();\n        \n        return next.startCall(new ForwardingServerCall.SimpleForwardingServerCall<ReqT, RespT>(call) {\n            @Override\n            public void close(Status status, Metadata trailers) {\n                requestCounter.increment(\n                    Tags.of(\"method\", methodName, \"status\", status.getCode().name()));\n                sample.stop(requestTimer);\n                super.close(status, trailers);\n            }\n        }, headers);\n    }\n}
\n

9. 보안

\n

9-1. TLS/SSL 설정

\n
# application.yml\ngrpc:\n  server:\n    port: 9090\n    security:\n      enabled: true\n      certificateChain: classpath:server.crt\n      privateKey: classpath:server.key\n  client:\n    user-service:\n      address: 'static://localhost:9090'\n      negotiationType: tls\n      trustCertCollection: classpath:ca.crt
\n

9-2. mTLS (Mutual TLS)

\n
# application.yml\ngrpc:\n  server:\n    security:\n      enabled: true\n      certificateChain: classpath:server.crt\n      privateKey: classpath:server.key\n      trustCertCollection: classpath:ca.crt\n      clientAuth: REQUIRE
\n

10. 실전 패턴

\n

10-1. 재시도 패턴

\n
// 재시도 로직\npublic User getUserWithRetry(Long userId, int maxRetries) {\n    int attempts = 0;\n    \n    while (attempts < maxRetries) {\n        try {\n            GetUserRequest request = GetUserRequest.newBuilder()\n                .setUserId(userId)\n                .build();\n            \n            return blockingStub.getUser(request).getUser();\n            \n        } catch (StatusRuntimeException e) {\n            attempts++;\n            \n            if (e.getStatus().getCode() == Status.Code.UNAVAILABLE && \n                attempts < maxRetries) {\n                // 지수 백오프\n                long delay = (long) Math.pow(2, attempts) * 1000;\n                try {\n                    Thread.sleep(delay);\n                } catch (InterruptedException ie) {\n                    Thread.currentThread().interrupt();\n                    throw new RuntimeException(ie);\n                }\n            } else {\n                throw e;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    \n    throw new RuntimeException(\"Max retries exceeded\");\n}
\n

10-2. 서킷 브레이커 패턴

\n
// Resilience4j와 통합\n@Service\npublic class UserServiceClient {\n    \n    @GrpcClient(\"user-service\")\n    private UserServiceGrpc.UserServiceBlockingStub blockingStub;\n    \n    @CircuitBreaker(name = \"userService\", fallbackMethod = \"getUserFallback\")\n    public User getUser(Long userId) {\n        GetUserRequest request = GetUserRequest.newBuilder()\n            .setUserId(userId)\n            .build();\n        \n        return blockingStub.getUser(request).getUser();\n    }\n    \n    private User getUserFallback(Long userId, Exception e) {\n        // 폴백 로직\n        return User.newBuilder()\n            .setId(userId)\n            .setName(\"Unknown\")\n            .setEmail(\"unknown@example.com\")\n            .build();\n    }\n}
\n

11. 결론

\n

gRPC는 마이크로서비스 간 고성능 통신을 위한 강력한 도구다. 이 글에서 다룬 내용:

\n
    \n
  1. 기본 개념: Protocol Buffers, gRPC 아키텍처
    2. \n
  2. Spring Boot 통합: 서버/클라이언트 구현
    3. \n
  3. 스트리밍: 단방향, 양방향 스트리밍
    4. \n
  4. 인터셉터: 로깅, 인증, 모니터링
    5. \n
  5. 에러 처리: 상태 코드, 커스텀 에러
    6. \n
  6. 성능 최적화: 연결 풀링, 압축, 타임아웃
    7. \n
  7. gRPC-Web: 브라우저 지원
    8. \n
  8. 보안: TLS/SSL, mTLS
    9. \n
  9. 실전 패턴: 재시도, 서킷 브레이커
    10. \n
\n

이러한 기능들을 조합하면 확장 가능하고 견고한 마이크로서비스 통신 시스템을 구축할 수 있다.

\n

참고 자료

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